Sample characteristics and group differences
| Variable | Total (n=468) | Event + (n=106) | Event – (n=362) | Difference (95%CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total post-traumatic stress | 8.83±8.08 | 13.75±9.22 | 7.36±7.08 | 6.39 (4.73; 8.05) | <0.001 |
| Re-experiencing symptoms | 1.84±2.16 | 2.86±2.62 | 1.54±1.91 | 1.32 (0.86; 1.77) | <0.001 |
| Avoidance symptoms | 2.91±3.64 | 5.17±4.36 | 2.24±3.11 | 2.93 (2.18; 3.67) | <0.001 |
| Hyperarousal symptoms | 4.10±3.44 | 5.72±3.81 | 3.62±3.16 | 2.10 (1.38; 2.82) | <0.001 |
| CDAI at baseline | 75.18±83.14 | 108.22±88.16 | 65.50±79.16 | 42.72 (23.91; 61.52) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 41.97±14.67 | 39.70±15.31 | 42.64±14.43 | −2.94 (−6.11; 0.24) | 0.041 |
| Female sex | 50.2% (235) | 58.5% (62) | 47.8% (173) | 10.7% (−0.1%; 21.5%) | 0.060 |
| Disease duration (years) | 12.77±10.38 | 11.50±10.55 | 13.14±10.32 | −1.63 (−3.89; 0.61) | 0.061 |
| Hospitalisation days | 2.24±7.53 | 2.87±6.96 | 2.05±7.69 | 0.82 (−0.82; 2.45) | 0.147 |
| Body mass index | 23.71±4.62 | 22.32±4.39 | 24.11±4.62 | −1.79 (−2.78; -0.80) | <0.001 |
| 5-Aminosalycilates | 16.9% (79) | 16.0% (17) | 17.1% (62) | −1.1% (−9.2%; 7.1%) | 0.883 |
| Sulfasalazin | 2.1% (10) | 0.9% (1) | 2.5% (9) | −1.5% (−4.7%; 1.6%) | 0.468 |
| Steroids | 23.3% (109) | 27.4% (29) | 22.1% (80) | 5.3% (−3.9%; 14.4%) | 0.296 |
| Immunosuppressors | 56.6% (265) | 50.0% (53) | 58.6% (212) | −8.6% (−1 9.3%; 2.2%) | 0.121 |
| Anti-TNF α-agents | 20.3% (95) | 25.5% (27) | 18.8% (68) | 6.7% (−2.0%; 15.4%) | 0.169 |
| Antibiotics | 2.1% (10) | 2.8% (3) | 1.9% (7) | 0.9% (−2.2%; 4.0%) | 0.701 |
| Current smoker | 42.9% (200) | 48.6% (51) | 41.3% (149) | 7.3% (−3.5%; 18.1%) | 0.218 |
| Education | |||||
| University degree | 14.5% (67) | 15.2% (16) | 14.2% (51) | 1.0% (−6.9%; 8.9%) | 0.875 |
| Tertiary degree | 15.8% (73) | 14.3% (15) | 16.2% (58) | −1.9% (−9.7%; 5.9%) | 0.761 |
| Vocational school | 67.8% (314) | 67.6% (71) | 67.9% (243) | −0.3% (−10.5%; 10.0%) | 1.000 |
| No degree | 1.9% (9) | 2.9% (3) | 1.7% (6) | 1.2% (−1.8%; 4.2%) | 0.430 |
| Alcohol intake | |||||
| Daily | 10.1% (47) | 6.6% (7) | 11.2% (40) | −4.6% (−10.4%; 1.2%) | 0.202 |
| Weekly | 31.7% (147) | 32.1% (34) | 31.6% (113) | 0.5% (−9.2%; 10.7%) | 0.906 |
| ≤ Monthly | 58.2% (270) | 61.3% (65) | 57.3% (205) | 4.0% (−6.0%; 15.4%) | 0.502 |
| Sports activities | |||||
| Daily | 8.3% (37) | 8.9% (9) | 8.1% (28) | 0.8% (−5.5%; 7.2%) | 0.837 |
| Weekly | 49.3% (221) | 43.6% (44) | 51.0% (177) | −7.4% (−18.6%; 3.7%) | 0.214 |
| ≤ Monthly | 42.4% (190) | 47.5% (48) | 40.9% (142) | 6.6% (−4.6%; 17.8%) | 0.254 |
| Positive family history | |||||
| CD | 12.0% (56) | 17.9% (19) | 10.2% (37) | 7.7% (0.7%; 14.7%) | 0.040 |
| Ulcerative colitis/no CD | 2.4% (11) | 2.8% (3) | 2.2% (8) | 0.6% (−2.7%; 3.9%) | 0.718 |
| No inflammatory bowel disease | 85.7% (401) | 79.2% (84) | 87.6% (317) | −8.3% (−15.9%; −0.7%) | 0.040 |
Post-traumatic stress: 460 (98.3%) valid scores; re-experiencing symptoms: 468 (100%) valid scores; avoidance symptoms: 465 (99.3%) valid scores; hyperarousal symptoms: 462 (98.7%) valid scores;
CDAI, Crohn's Disease Activity Index at baseline (468 (100%) valid scores): 20.8% of patients with and 12.2% without adverse events had scores between 150 and 300 (p=0.038), 1.9% of patients with and 0.6% without events had scores between 301 and 450 (p=0.222) and none had scores above 450.
Disease duration, age, days of hospitalisation due to CD, gender, medication and positive family history displayed 468 (100%) valid indications, body mass index yielded 467 (99.8%) valid indications, current smoking status showed 466 (99.6%) valid indications, alcohol intake displayed 464 (99.1%) valid indications, education had 463 (98.9%) valid indications and sports activities had 448 (95.7%) valid indications; 11.3% of patients with events and 11.9% without events had no medication (p=1.000).
Qualitative variables are indicated as means±SDs and quantitative variables in percentages (with absolute frequencies in parentheses). If no unit is specified, quantitative variables are indicated as score points.
CD, Crohn's disease; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.