Demographic details of patients presenting with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding while using antithrombotic drugs (ATD group) and those not using these drugs (control group)
| ATD group (n=851) | Control group (n=1220) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 75 (67–82) | 53 (39–69) | <0.001 |
| Males | 58.8% (500/850) | 60.4% (737/1220) | 0.49 |
| Smoking | 25.5% (215/844) | 38.7% (467/1207) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol | 45.8% (387/845) | 65.0% (787/1210) | <0.001 |
| Excess alcohol† | 12.1% (102/845) | 28.9% (350/1210) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 53.7% (455/848) | 8.2% (100/1220) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 14.4% (122/848) | 3.2% (39/1220) | <0.001 |
| Endoscoped without admission | 12.7% (108/849) | 27.3% (332/1218) | <0.001 |
| Charlson score* | 2 (1–4) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 |
| Blatchford score* | 8 (4–11) | 4 (1–9) | <0.001 |
| Rockall score* | 4 (3–5) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| Endoscopic score* | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 |
| Endoscopic score | Mean=1.21 SD=1.13 | Mean=1.03 SD=1.03 | |
| Endoscopic therapy | 18.1% (152/841) | 6.5% (78/1202) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L)* | 103 (83–127) | 126 (97–146) | <0.001 |
| Urea (mmol/L)* | 10.7 (6.8–16.8) | 6.5 (4.2–11.2) | <0.001 |
| Admitted | 87.3% (741/849) | 72.7% (886/1218) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay (days)* | 8 (4–16) | 4 (2–10) | <0.001 |
| Transfusion | 45.3% (380/838) | 22.4% (267/1190) | <0.001 |
| Units transfused* | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) | 0.23 |
| Rebleeding | 19.7% (165/838) | 10.3% (122/1190) | <0.001 |
| Dead (30 days) | 4.6% (39/845) | 3.2% (39/1209) | 0.13 |
| Surgery | 1.6% (13/821) | 1.3% (15/1161) | 0.70 |
*Median (IQR).
†Excessive alcohol use refers to the intake of 20 or more units per week. One unit of alcohol in UK is defined as 10 mL or 8 g of pure alcohol.