Elsevier

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Volume 77, Issue 2, February 2013, Pages 255-261
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Original article
Clinical endoscopy
Development and validation of a nurse-assessed patient comfort score for colonoscopy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.10.003Get rights and content

Background

Comfort during colonoscopy is a critical component of safety and quality.

Objective

To develop and validate the Nurse-Assessed Patient Comfort Score (NAPCOMS).

Design

Prospective scale validation.

Setting

Colorectal cancer screening centers in the United Kingdom and Canada.

Patients

A total of 300 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy at participating colorectal cancer screening centers.

Intervention

The NAPCOMS was developed by using a modified Delphi process. During colonoscopy, two endoscopy room nurses independently observed and rated patient comfort and tolerability by using NAPCOMS. In addition, endoscopists reported global comfort scores and patients' reported global comfort by using visual 4-point Likert and National Health Service-United Kingdom Global Rating Scales.

Main Outcome Measurements

Reliability and validity of NAPCOMS was measured by using intraclass correlations (ICC) between nurse ratings of colonoscopies and between NAPCOMS, endoscopist ratings, and patient ratings of global comfort.

Results

The ICC for the overall NAPCOMS was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.87). There was high agreement between the NAPCOMS and endoscopist ratings of comfort (ICC = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72-0.81), moderate agreement between the NAPCOMS and patient ratings (ICC = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.53-0.67), and moderate agreement between the endoscopist and patient ratings (ICC = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43-0.60).

Limitations

NAPCOMS was validated in outpatients who received colonoscopy with minimal to moderate sedation as part of a screening and surveillance program, so performance among inpatients or those requiring deep sedation was not tested.

Conclusion

NAPCOMS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing patient comfort in the setting of outpatient colonoscopy performed with minimal to moderate sedation.

Section snippets

Background

Health care delivery should be patient focused, and, in keeping with this, patient comfort is important when performing colonoscopies and represents a key component of safety and quality. Comfort during the procedure is a measure of the patient experience and is associated with greater patient satisfaction, acceptability, and improved compliance with repeat colonoscopy.4, 5 Patient comfort is also a measure of the quality of the procedure and the endoscopist's technique.6

Procedural comfort is

Development and final NAPCOMS

An initial review of the literature and the Knowledge Management System from the United Kingdom Global Rating Scales Web site was conducted to identify existing scales. A modified Delphi approach was used to develop the items to be included in the new NAPCOMS. The Modified Gloucester Comfort Score, which is commonly used in the United Kingdom and has adequate face validity, was used as the initial base score (Table 1).10, 14

Seven endoscopists and 4 nurses from the United Kingdom and Canada

Results

Three hundred patients were enrolled, 150 in Calgary and 75 in each of North Tees and South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Just over half of the patients were men (51%), and the mean age of the study group was 56.8 years. All of the included patients underwent colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening or surveillance under minimal to moderate levels of sedation by using predominantly midazolam and fentanyl. The majority of the patients (89%) had a minimal level of sedation (sedation

Discussion

This study is the first multicenter, multinational validation of an endoscopy comfort score for use in outpatient colonoscopy performed with minimal to moderate sedation. The results indicate that NAPCOMS is a valid, reliable, and easy to use instrument for rating patient comfort in this setting. NAPCOMS was developed by using a modified Delphi processes, reliability was established through demonstration of very good agreement between two independent nurse raters, and validity was established

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DISCLOSURE: All authors disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this publication.

See CME section; p. 280.

If you would like to chat with an author of this article, you may contact Dr Rostom at [email protected].

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