Background: Chronic radiation proctitis is known to be a difficult to treat condition. Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) though being effective requires prolonged sessions and has limited availability. Formalin, by virtue of its chemical cauterizing effects, has been found to be effective in patients with bleeding radiation cystitis and hemorrhagic proctitis. Our goal was to study the effectiveness of 4% formalin instillation in resistant patients of chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis.
Methods: 13 patients with chronic radiation proctitis were treated with instillation of 50 mi 4% formalin into the rectum (3 minutes for 3 times). The total mucosal contact time was approximately 10 minutes. Their clinical response, tolerance to treatment and complications were assessed. Patients who did not have complete response were given another session(s) a week later.
Results: The mean (SD) age of patients was 48.62 +/- 11.66 years. Twelve patients (92%) were female who received radiotherapy for carcinoma cervix and 1(08%) was male with carcinoma prostate. The overall clinical response rate was 100%; eight patients (61.5%) had complete cessation of bleeding while 5 patients (38.5%) had significant cessation of bleeding. Eight patients needed only one session, four needed 2 sessions and one patient needed 3 sessions for the clinical response. Serious complications were not observed. No recurrence of symptoms was seen during follow-up.
Conclusion: The treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis with local formalin instillation is effective, well tolerated, inexpensive, technically simple and safe procedure.