Gastric disorders | ▸ Peptic ulcer disease with gastric outlet obstruction |
▸ Gastroparesis | |
Intestinal disorders | ▸ Intermittent small bowel obstruction |
▸ Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction | |
▸ Volvulus | |
Pancreaticobiliary disorders | ▸ Cholecystitis |
▸ Pancreatitis | |
▸ Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction | |
Extraintestinal disorders | ▸ Addison's disease |
▸ Acute intermittent porphyria | |
▸ Cerebral mass leading to raised intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus | |
▸ Vestibular disturbances | |
▸ Renal colic |