Table 2

Non-technical skills (NTS) assessment in GI endoscopy

StudySkills assessedHow developedTool structureHow tested
Haycock et al. Gut, 201017
(abstract only)		NTS of endoscopistSemistructured interviews (Critical Incident Technique) to identify taxonomy.
Video analysis to identify behaviours in practice		13 behavioural elements divided into four categories. Scored 1–4:

  • ▸ Communication and teamwork

  • ▸ Situation awareness

  • ▸ Leadership

  • ▸ Judgement and decision making

Tool needs to be validated
Hewett et al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 201018
(abstract only)		Technical and NT skills of endoscopistHierarchical task analysis and verbal protocol analysis6 categories—3 NTS, 3 technical skills
No information on scoring:

  • ▸ Clinical knowledge and reasoning

  • ▸ Scope handling

  • ▸ Situation awareness

  • ▸ Situation specific heuristics and strategies

  • ▸ Detection of abnormalities

  • ▸ NTS such as intrapersonal stress coping

 		Not yet tested
Walsh et al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 201411 and 201512Technical and NT skills of endoscopist (trainee)Literature search. Delphi methodology—panel of 55 international endoscopy experts2 parts to tool:Global rating—7 categories

  • ▸ 1 category relevant to NTS

  • ▸ Score 1–5

Checklist—19 points:

  • ▸ 6 points relevant to NTS

  • ▸ 2-point scale: not done/done incorrectly and done correctly (or not observed)

Content validity established via Delphi process
Good inter-rater and test–retest reliability
Usable
(Of whole tool)
Scaffidi et al. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 201621
(abstract only)		NTS—does not state if team or individualLiterature search of other relevant tools.
Focus groups (1× medical, 1× nursing, 1× combined). Thematic analysis		6 dimensions of NTS
Scored 1–5 (Likert type)

  • ▸ Teamwork

  • ▸ Communication

  • ▸ Situational awareness

  • ▸ Decision making

  • ▸ Leadership

  • ▸ Professionalism

Feasibility, validity and reliability testing required