Change in liver and cardio-metabolic health parameters from baseline to latest visit
| Measure (median) | Total cohort | T2DM subgroup | ||||||||
| N | Base | Latest | Δ | P value | N | Base | Latest | Δ | P value | |
| Liver function test | ||||||||||
| ALT, IU/L | 165 | 52 (12–215) | 41 (11–240) | −11 | < 0.0001 | 97 | 50 (12–200) | 40 (11–125) | −10.0 | < 0.0001 |
| AST, IU/L | 65 | 40 (15–171) | 33 (14–105) | −7 | 0.011 | 35 | 35 (16–171) | 31 (14–63) | −4.0 | 0.13 |
| Weight | ||||||||||
| Weight, kg | 159 | 97.3 (55.0–206.0) | 94.0 (53.9–182.2) | −3.3 | 0.0005 | 94 | 96.8 (55.0–154.6) | 94.6 (53.9–180.5) | −2.2 | 0.0030 |
| Metabolic | ||||||||||
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 112 | 49 (25–124) | 47 (22–110) | −1.5 | 0.0045 | 84 | 59 (35–124) | 55 (33–110) | −4.0 | 0.011 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 76 | 4.7 (2.4–9.0) | 4.0 (1.9–8.1) | −0.7 | 0.0023 | 48 | 4.1 (2.4–7.7) | 3.9 (1.9–8.1) | −0.20 | 0.0071 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 76 | 1.0 (0.5–2.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 0.0 | 0.75 | 48 | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 0.00 | 0.85 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 47 | 2.1 (0.67–17.0) | 1.9 (0.6–9.0) | −0.25 | 0.28 | 29 | 2.1 (0.7–7.8) | 2.0 (0.6–9.0) | −0.12 | 0.36 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 125 | 140 (105–189) | 135 (102–193) | −5 | 0.24 | 74 | 141 (105–189) | 136 (102–193) | −5 | 0.76 |
| Liver | ||||||||||
| Fib-4 score | 62 | 1.1 (0.2–7.3) | 1.2 (0.2–9.3) | 0.05 | 0.71 | 35 | 1.5 (0.4–7.3) | 1.2 (0.4–9.3) | −0.28 | 0.94 |
| NFS | 59 | −1.0 (−6.5 to +5.8) | −0.69 (−6.0 to +3.9) | 0.32 | 0.0012 | 33 | 0.02 (−3.9 to −3.0) | −0.3 (−4.7 to −3.1 | −0.33 | 0.089 |
| Transient elastography, kPa | 73 | 9.1 (3.5–75) | 7.8 (3.2–57) | −1.3 | 0.0097 | 39 | 9.7 (4.3–75) | 8.4 (4.4–57) | −1.3 | 0.067 |
| Cardiovascular Disease (QRISK3) | ||||||||||
| Absolute risk, % | 159 | 12.5 (0.1–60.9) | 12.7 (0.1–52.6) | 0.2 | 0.17 | 94 | 18.3 (1.7–61.0) | 19.3 (1.9–53.0) | 1.0 | 0.13 |
| Relative risk | 159 | 2.1 (0.7–11.5) | 2.0 (0.8–12.9) | −0.1 | 0.0001 | 94 | 2.7 (1.1–11.5) | 2.6 (1.1–12.9) | −0.15 | 0.0006 |
Wilcoxon signed rank test between baseline and latest; bold p value represents statistical significance.
Δ, difference between median at baseline (base) and latest visit; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Fib-4, Fibrosis-4; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; N, number of patients with paired data; NFS, NAFLD fibrosis score; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.