Baseline characteristic, median (range) or number (%) | Total cohort | T2DM subgroup | Non-T2DM subgroup | |||
n=165 | n=97 | n=68 | ||||
Demographic | ||||||
Age, years | 53 | (16–79) | 57 | (29–79) | 47.5 | (16–69) |
Sex, male | 106 | (64.2%) | 62 | (63.9%) | 44 | (64.7%) |
Caucasian ethnicity | 132 | (80.0%) | 78 | (80.4%) | 54 | (79.4%) |
Metabolic | ||||||
HbA1c, mmol/mol* | 46 | (25–124) | 59 | (35–124) | 36.5 | (25–46) |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L†† | 4.4 | (2.4–9.0) | 4.0 | (2.4–7.7) | 4.9 | (2.7–9.0) |
HDL, mmol/L†† | 1.0 | (0.5–2.4) | 1.0 | (0.5–1.7) | 1.0 | (0.8–2.4) |
Triglyceride, mmol/L† | 1.93 | (0.52–17.01) | 2.13 | (0.52–10.71) | 1.72 | (0.68–17.01) |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg‡ | 140 | (105–190) | 140 | (105–189) | 138 | (108–190) |
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) | ||||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 33.3 | (23.9–72.1) | 34.0 | (23.9–52.6) | 32.5 | (24.2–72.1) |
Obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) | 120 | (72.7%) | 71 | (73.2%) | 49 | (72.1%) |
Hypertension | 93 | (56.4%) | 72 | (74.2%) | 21 | (30.9%) |
Dyslipidaemia | 105 | (63.6%) | 71 | (73.2%) | 34 | (50.0%) |
Number of MetS components, /4 | 3 | (0–4) | 3 | (1–4) | 2 | (0–3) |
Lifestyle | ||||||
Alcohol, units/week | 0 | (0–21) | 0 | (0–21) | 0 | (0–20) |
Current smoker | 10 | (6.1%) | 6 | (6.2%) | 4 | (5.9%) |
Ex-smoker | 53 | (32.1%) | 35 | (36.1%) | 18 | (26.5%) |
Liver | ||||||
ALT, IU/L | 52 | (12–215) | 50 | (12–200) | 54 | (12–215) |
Abnormal ALT (>40 IU/L) | 111 | (67.3%) | 60 | (61.9%) | 51 | (75.0%) |
Transient elastrography, kPa§ | 9.2 | (3.5–75.0) | 10.1 | (4.3–75.0) | 8.2 | (3.5–53.3) |
Biopsy characteristics | ||||||
Number (%) | 87 | (52.7%) | 54 | (55.7%) | 33 | (48.5%) |
NAS, /8¶ | 5 | (2–8) | 5 | (2–8) | 5 | (2–7) |
NASH¶ | 57 | (72.1%) | 36 | (73.5%) | 21 | (70.0%) |
Fibrosis stage, (F0–F4)** | 2 | (0–4) | 3 | (0–4) | 2 | (1–4) |
F0 (n, %) | 1 | (1.2%) | 1 | (1.9%) | 0 | (0.0%) |
F1 (n, %) | 15 | (17.2%) | 6 | (11.1%) | 9 | (27.3%) |
F2 (n, %) | 34 | (39.1%) | 20 | (37.0%) | 14 | (42.4%) |
F3 (bridging fibrosis) (n, %) | 21 | (24.1%) | 14 | (25.9%) | 7 | (21.2%) |
F4 (cirrhosis) (n, %) | 16 | (18.4%) | 13 | (24.1%) | 3 | (9.1%) |
Biopsy characteristics provided for available data.
*Number of patients with baseline measurement, n=136, 88, 48 (of total cohort, T2DM subgroup, non-T2DM subgroup, respectively).
†N=100, 59, 41.
‡N=137, 82, 55.
§N=133, 73, 60.
¶NAS (NAFLD activity score) (/8); NASH defined as NAS>5; number of patients with measurement per group (percentage with NASH): n=79, 49, 30 in each column group.
**Fibrosis stage (Brunt’s scale) (F0–F4); cirrhosis defined as fibrosis stage F4 or historical diagnosis in the case of one missing biopsy score. Number of patients with measurement per group (percentage): n=86, 53, 33.
††n=113, 68, 45.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NAS, NAFLD activity scores; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.