Description and weight loss associated with endoscopic bariatric interventions27
| Site of action | Endoscopic intervention | Endoscopic mechanism | Description | Excess weight loss at 6 or 12 months |
| Stomach | Intragastric balloon | Reduction in gastric volume | Endoscopic placement of balloons (Orbera or Reshape) that are filled with 400-700mls of blue saline which are removed after 6 months. 1–3 gas-filled balloons (obalon) are swallowed sequentially over a 12-month period and are removed after 3 months. | 25%–32% at 12 months (orbera) |
| 27%–31% at 6 months (Reshape) | ||||
| 25% at 6 months (Obalon – not available on the NHS) | ||||
| Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty | Endoscopic staples or sutures applied along greater curvature of the stomach to reduce gastric volume by~70%. | 28%–52% at 12 months | ||
| Aspiration therapy | Aspiration of gastric contents | Endoscopic placement of a specialised 26Fr gastrostomy tube that is used to flush water into the stomach before aspirating gastric contents 20–30 mins after a meal | 49%–54% at 12 months | |
| Small intestine | Small bowel endobarrier sleeve | Bypass small bowel | A 60 cm nutrient-impermeable sleeve that extends from the duodenal bulb to the distal jejunum and remains in for a maximum of 12 months | 35% at 12 months |
| Duodenal mucosal resurfacing | Duodenal exclusion | Hydrothermal ablation using a 2 cm long balloon filled with 90°C heated fluid destroys superficial duodenal mucosa distal to the papilla of Vater up to the ligament of Treitz. | 2.5% at 12 months |