Gut hormone
|
Gastrointestinal site of secretion
|
Action on gastrointestinal system
|
Effect on appetite
|
Changes in obesity
|
Ghrelin | X/A-cells in gastric fundus | Increases gastric motility | Increases appetite | Reduced pre-prandial peak levels and reduced postprandial suppression |
Peptide YY3-36
| L-cells in distal intestine | Inhibits gallbladder secretions, inhibits gastric emptying, inhibits pancreatic secretions, enterogastrone effect. | Decreases appetite | Reduced fasting and postprandial secretion |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 | L-cells in distal intestine | Inhibits gastric emptying, inhibits gastric secretions, promotes pancreatic beta-cell growth, incretin effect. | Decreases appetite | Reduced postprandial secretion |
Oxyntomodulin | L-cells in distal intestine | Inhibits gastric secretions, inhibits gastric emptying, incretin effect. | Decreases appetite | – |
Cholecystokinin | I cells in small intestine, co-localises with PYY in L-cells of distal intestine | Promotes gallbladder contraction, increases pancreatic secretions, inhibits gastric secretions, inhibits gastric emptying. | Decreases appetite | Not implicated |