Original ArticleElectromagnetic interference with implantable cardiac pacemakers by video capsule
Section snippets
Patients and methods
The M2A system consists of a capsule that contains an image-capturing system, which is composed of an optical camera, lights, antenna, power source, and a telemetry system for transmission of the data to an external recorder. The raw data are acquired by a series of sensing electrodes placed on the abdomen and then transmitted to a digital recorder for storage and subsequent analysis by using a computer. The system also includes software to identify the spatial location of the capsule. The data
Results
One hundred patients (70 men, 30 women; mean age 73.25 years, range 32-90 years) participated in the study. Ninety-five of the pacemakers were programmed to the bipolar output and sensing configuration; only 5 were in a unipolar mode. All of the pacemakers used endocardial leads; 98 of the devices were located in the right chest wall; only two were in the left side. The specific models of the devices studied are listed in Table 1. The pacemakers were programmed to the following pacing modes: 70
Discussion
Despite the increasing use of wireless video-capsule endoscopy, the potential risk for interference with the normal function of a permanently implanted pacemaker has not been investigated. The results of the present evaluation in 100 consecutive patients suggest that the M2A capsule endoscope has a low frequency (4%) of interference with implantable pacemakers. In all positive cases, EMI induced by the capsule caused the pacemaker to revert to “noise-mode function.” The latter is a safe-mode
Acknowledgments
The authors greatly appreciate the review of the manuscript and suggestions offered by Paul A. Levine, MD (Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif), Vice President and Medical Director at St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, California.
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