DRUGS IN PREGNANCYMotherisk Rounds: The Fetal Safety of Benzodiazepines: An Updated Meta-analysis
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2024, Critical Care ClinicsPharmacologic Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy
2022, Sleep Medicine ClinicsCitation Excerpt :Benzodiazepines readily cross the placenta. However, despite access to fetal tissues because of placental transfer, studies indicate that benzodiazepines are not teratogenic.21,22 Although early case-control investigations reported increased incidence of cleft lip or palate with benzodiazepines,23,24 these findings have not been replicated in subsequent research.21,25–27
Prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in humans and risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring: A systematic review
2022, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :For example, prenatal use of BZDs and z-drugs was reported to be associated with the increased risks of spontaneous miscarriage, caesarean delivery, preterm birth, low birth weight, small head circumferences, and low Apgar score, and, if medication was used particularly close to delivery, with the elevated risks of low muscle tone (i.e., floppy infant syndrome), neonatal respiratory distress, and neonatal abstinence syndrome (Freeman et al., 2018; Huitfeldt et al., 2020; Ogawa et al., 2018; Wikner and Kallen, 2011; Yonkers et al., 2017). Risk of congenital malformation has previously been suggested, however, meta-analyses published in the last decade concluded non-teratogenicity of prenatal BZDs and z-drug use in general (Enato et al., 2011; Bellantuono et al., 2013; Grigoriadis et al., 2019). More recently, there has been a growing concern about the lack of evidence on long-term safety of prenatal BZD and z-drug use, with a particular focus on offspring neurodevelopment (Larsen et al., 2015; McAllister-Williams et al., 2017; Hardy and Reichenbacker, 2019; Hjorth et al., 2019; Shyken et al., 2019).
A Detailed Review of Critical Care Considerations for the Pregnant Cardiac Patient
2021, Canadian Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :However, it is important to note that patients who receive prolonged and high-dose propofol infusions are at risk of developing propofol infusion syndrome or severe hyperlipidemia.162 The relationship between benzodiazepines and potential congenital anomalies remains controversial.163,164 Dexmedetomidine is a newer agent approved for mild to moderate sedation and anxiolysis in critical care and is associated with reduced duration of mechanical ventilation and shorter length of stay in the ICU.165