Original ArticlesResting energy expenditure and prediction equations in young children with failure to thrive☆,☆☆
Section snippets
METHODS
Subjects aged birth to 3 years with a clinical diagnosis of FTT who were referred between 1993 and 1997 for REE measurement as part of clinical management were considered for enrollment into the study. Once referred, a standard protocol including growth assessment, measurement of REE, and body composition was followed. Weight was measured with a digital electronic stand-on scale or infant scale (Scale-Tronix Inc, Wheaton, IL) to 0.1 and 0.01 kg, respectively. Recumbent length was measured to
RESULTS
Forty-five subjects were enrolled (47% female)(Table I).All subjects had a clinical diagnosis of FTT, and only 11% had no other secondary clinical diagnosis; 64% of the subjects had more than 2 secondary diagnoses in addition to the FTT. Gastrointestinal disorders including gastroesophageal reflux, malabsorption, and allergic enteropathy formed most (61%) of the secondary clinical diagnoses. Other clinical diagnoses included neurologic (18%), cardiac (7%), and pulmonary disorders (4%). No
DISCUSSION
In this sample of young children with moderate to severe FTT, all prediction equations were within 10% less than half the time. However, SCH-WT-HT compared best with measured REE and underestimated REE less frequently. Being younger (for WHO and SCH-WT), having more severe growth failure (based on WAZ, HAZ, or both), or both were associated with underestimation of energy requirements by prediction equations. The infants and children in this study had poor growth compared with the reference
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Cited by (34)
ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Energy
2018, Clinical NutritionCitation Excerpt :REE should be measured in young infants and children with moderate to severe failure to thrive when knowledge of caloric needs is required for optimal clinical care. The Schofield-equation using weight and height to calculate REE was least likely to underestimate REE compared to measured REE and is therefore preferred [12]. Total parenteral energy requirements of stable patients can be calculated from resting energy requirements (Table 1) with adding constants for PA, catch-up growth and disease factors or from doubling the resting energy requirements [13].
Resting energy expenditure in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia without respiratory support at time of neonatal hospital discharge
2018, Journal of Pediatric SurgeryCitation Excerpt :There is a known influence of advancing age on REE, which we found in our cohort as well [18]. Using predictive equations may not be an ideal comparison since they can be inaccurate when estimating caloric needs [32–34]. There is a sparsity of longitudinal, normative values for REE as assessed by IC in healthy, full- term infants during early infancy that can be used as comparison [18,19].
Is it Necessary to Measure Resting Energy Expenditure in Clinical Practice in Children?
2008, Journal of PediatricsCitation Excerpt :The analysis also was conducted using the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization and Schofield weight equations, and the results were similar (data not shown). Our results with 4 times the sample size confirm previous findings that the MREE and PREE do not agree in chronically ill children.3,4,10,11 In our cohort, REE was underpredicted and the SD of the %MREE/SCHOHW was approximately 3 times that of the healthy population.5,10
Pathophysiologic basis for growth failure in children with ichthyosis: An evaluation of cutaneous ultrastructure, epidermal permeability barrier function, and energy expenditure
2004, Journal of PediatricsCitation Excerpt :The modified Weir equation was used to calculate energy equivalencies.26 Expected REE was determined by means of the Schofield weight-height equation,27 based on age, weight, and height, a method unlikely to underestimate REE in children with growth failure.28 Patients' daily estimated energy requirements (EER) were calculated by means of formulas that incorporate age, weight, and height and include factors for activity and growth.29
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Supported in part by the Nutrition Center at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
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Reprint requests: Timothy A. Sentongo, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104.